Tag: Castalia House

On The Refutation of Kant

I promised the release of two books today, and as you’ve seen, the first was the fourth volume of the Episodios Nacionales by Benito Pérez Galdós translated into English. It’s a very good historical novel about one of the more significant battles of the Peninsular War, and if you enjoyed any of the three previous novels, you will enjoy this one.

The second is the next book in the Veriphysics series. It’s entitled The Refutation of Kant: The Failure of the Modern Foundation and the Key to the Closed Door. It is an intellectual heavy-hitter, much more so than the Treatise which preceded it, and it’s not a book I was ever intending to write. To be honest, I hitherto considered Kant to be an immortal untouchable in the vein of Aristotle or Thomas Aquinas, although admittedly not on the basis of any particular knowledge of his works, principle of which is The Critique of Pure Reason.

Now, here’s where things get a little bit strange. You may recall, back in the days when the Four Horsemen of the New Atheism were riding high, I created a meme to mockingly summarize what I’d determined to be the core argument of philosopher Daniel Dennett. That was back in 2009.

The second of the Four Horsemen of the New Atheism has died at the age of 82. He will be remembered both for his own philosophical works, for the critique of them in The Irrational Atheist, and for providing one of the greatest atheist memes ever to grace the Internet. – Another Horseman in Hell, 20 April 2024

And yet, that happens to be exactly where we landed today with the release of Veriphysics: The Refutation of Kant. This may require a little more explanation since probably it isn’t a priori obvious, so bear with me and allow me to explain how we somehow went from an atheist demoralizer in 2009 to a comprehensive destruction-in-detail of the core philosophical foundation of the Enlightenment in 2026.

If you’ve been following the Veriphysics site, then you’ll know that after developing the Triveritas in the Treatise, I started testing it against various epistemological challenges. Some of you are aware of my proof of Free Will that utilized it, and a few brave souls have even started profitably making use of it themselves. But it wasn’t until it solved the 2,000-year-old conundrum known as the Agrippan Trilemma that I realized there was something truly special here. I ran the notion of its potential significance past the Red Team, and Grok suggested that while solving the Trilemma was impressive, the Triveritas couldn’t be considered of historic philosophical significance unless and until it could successfully address other, equally difficult epistemological challenges. Grok provided a list of six “impossibilities” ranging from Hume to Godel, and declared that nothing and no one could successfully expect to solve them.

The Triveritas solved five of them and provided further confirmation that the sixth one was actually impossible. This was remarkable, but what was truly astonishing was the fact that it solved all of five in exactly the same way, using exactly the same method despite the very different nature of the problems. So I concluded this meant there was a deeper pattern that somehow linked all of these different intellectual puzzles, even though they were constructed by different people in different fields over a period of time that spanned centuries.

How was that even possible?

After performing a meta-analysis of all six problems, both Trilemmas, and a few more epistemological challenges, the answer, somewhat to my surprise, pointed at Immanuel Kant. Because the answer was that the pattern of the same flaw across all five papers was the result of a single Enlightenment methodological restriction: the limitation of explanation to mechanism and efficient causation. Which led to an obvious question: what was the underlying reason for that restriction?

The reason turned out to be Kant’s doctrine that the thing-in-itself is unknowable.

Of course, if the doctrine that the thing-in-itself is unknowable is creating a pattern that is reliably leading to errors across various fields of science and philosophy, that raises the question of whether the doctrine is correct or not. And as I demonstrate in The Refutation of Kant, the doctrine of unknowability is not correct. Kant’s argument for it not only fails once, it fails twice, for two different reasons that are substantiated in no little detail in the book.

Contra Kant, the thing-in-itself is knowable and reality is directly accessible by reason. The great irony of the Enlightenment is that despite elevating Reason to the status of a literal goddess, and despite claiming its objective to be liberating Reason and freeing the mind of Man from the chains of his Christian tradition, the Enlightenment imprisoned Reason, subjected it to a metaphysical vivisectomy, and bound the mind of Man far more tightly than the pagan and Christian philosophers had even imagined possible.

This book is neither a light nor an easy read. But it may be, quite literally, the most important book published in the last 250 years. Because Kant’s foundational error has propagated through every modern science, every modern philosophy, every modern concept, and every modern thought. It has fundamentally restricted not only the way you think, but the very concepts that lie under the words you utilize.

And that’s what brought us all the way back to a minor little meme about one of the New Atheists created 15 years ago.

The methodological decision to restrict explanation to mechanism and efficient causation produced Newtonian mechanics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, relativity, and quantum mechanics. This success created an overwhelming presumption that the restriction was not a restriction but a discovery: this is how reality works, and the method’s success proves it. The success in physics provided apparent empirical confirmation of the metaphysical claim, even though the success was in physics and the metaphysical claim was about all of reality.

In other words, you can trust [fill-in-the-blank] because physicists produce amazingly accurate results. If you don’t understand how comprehensively this refutation of Kant’s unknowability doctrine necessarily alters the very way you think about the world on a daily basis, that’s fine, that’s what the book is there to explain to you. It will literally free your mind. And you don’t need to follow all the technical details for it to make sense to you; they are there so you can be confident that its conclusions will withstand any and every critical attack lodged against the refutation and its inevitable consequences.

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BAILÉN by Benito Pérez Galdós

The fourth volume of the Episodios Nacionales — the great historical novel cycle of Spain

July 1808. Napoleon’s armies are invincible. They have crushed Austria, humiliated Prussia, and forced the Tsar to the negotiating table. Now twenty thousand French soldiers occupy Andalucía, and all Europe waits for Spain to submit as every other nation has submitted.

Gabriel Araceli, a young Spanish soldier who survived the slaughter of the Dos de Mayo and the French firing squads in Madrid, rides south with the ragged army assembling to challenge the Empire. Around him march raw recruits, militia volunteers, and hard-bitten regulars — fourteen thousand men with short rations, blistering heat, and the knowledge that no army on the continent has yet beaten Napoleon in open battle.

But Gabriel is fighting two wars. On the parched plains before Bailén, he faces Dupont’s veteran infantry and the terrible French marines. In the intercepted letters he carries in his coat, he faces something worse: the news that Inés, the woman he loves, is to be made legitimate and married to another man — his own commanding officer’s son. While the armies clash under a pitiless Andalusian sun, while men kill each other for a mouthful of water and the guns fall silent for want of powder, Gabriel must reckon with the possibility that victory on the battlefield will mean defeat in everything that matters to him.

Bailén is the fourth novel in Benito Pérez Galdós’s Episodios Nacionales, the great historical cycle that follows Gabriel Araceli from Trafalgar through the upheaval of the Napoleonic Wars. In this volume, Galdós delivers one of the finest battle narratives in nineteenth-century fiction — the engagement that shattered the myth of Napoleonic invincibility and changed the course of European history.

Now available for Kindle, KU, and audiobook on Amazon. The ebooks have already been sent out to the paid subscribers. To receive a new translation every week and support the translation efforts, become a paid subscriber to the Castalia Library substack which has already produced and released more than a dozen original translations from Spanish and Japanese, most of which had never before been available in English.

About the author. Benito Pérez Galdós (1843–1920) is widely regarded as the greatest Spanish novelist since Cervantes. Over four decades, he produced the Episodios Nacionales, one of the most incredible accomplishments of world literature ever written; only 8 of its 46 volumes have ever been translated into English. Pérez Galdós was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times but never won.

EXCERPT

On the following day we made a movement along the left bank, upstream, as far as a point well above Mengíbar. We understood nothing of it; but Santorcaz, whether from vanity or because he had truly penetrated Reding’s intention, told us:

“Our general knows what he is about, and is a man who understands the philosophy of marches.”

Halting on the banks of the Guadalimas, part of the army occupied itself with incomprehensible movements, and having spent more than a day at this, we found ourselves once more before Mengíbar at nightfall on the 18th, a point which the division of the Marqués de Coupigny had reached some hours earlier. The two armies being reunited, there was no halt beyond what was strictly necessary to collect the provisions of which we stood in such want, and well into the night we took the road for Bailén. We were fourteen thousand men. Everything announced that we were about to have a formal encounter with the French army.

According to our intelligence, Dupont remained at Andújar, reinforced by Vedel’s division. Had they engaged our third corps and the reserve which, having crossed the river at Marmolejo, were situated on the right bank? We believed so, unless Castaños were waiting to attack in earnest until the first and second divisions should fall upon the rear of Dupont’s army, descending from Bailén. Was this the object that guided us on our march? So it seemed.

While the moment of the drama drew near, far from us and upon the flanks of the imperial army, a thousand dramatic convulsions were hastening the catastrophe, tormenting the enemy by degrees. The bodies and columns of guerrilleros, commanded by Don Juan de la Cruz, the Conde de Valdecañas, and the cleric Argote, had scattered like a deadly swarm through the towns and hamlets commanding the French headquarters in the first foothills of the sierra north of Andújar. So furiously did those ardent countrymen pursue the French, and with such rapidity did they disperse to avoid attack, that the invaders found it utterly impossible to be tranquil for a single moment. The powerful giant swatted those venomous horseflies with a blow of his hand; but they returned to buzz about him, tormented him with their terrible stings, and escaped unharmed, fearing neither sword nor cannon, for these weapons were not made for mosquitoes.

The French could not stir from their headquarters save in large detachments: frequently a thousand men were sent to fill a few water-jugs at the nearest spring. If by chance small parties ventured out to forage, they were dispatched by the guerrilleros in less time than it takes to say a creed. Rather than suffer the French to seize a granary, the people burned it: the springs were fouled with mud and dung so they could not drink: the mills were dismantled and their stones buried so that not a single grain could be ground. Woe to any Frenchman who fell behind on the march! He felt himself seized by a thousand furious hands, dragged off by the women, pinched by the children, and knifed by the men, until his existence was extinguished with a terrible shock in the cold depths of a well. The invader found no shelter anywhere, and forcibly confined within the limits of his headquarters, he saw men and nature conspired alike against him.

For this reason, raging and desperate, he longed to fight a pitched battle, confident in his skill and habit of war; and lamenting the stupefaction of the commander-in-chief, he cried: “Let us fight a battle, and though half the army perish, the other half will conquer a puddle to drink from and a handful of dry wheat to put in our mouths.”

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A Strong and Based Performance

First, congratulations to Sarah Hoyt, who was the winner of the Summer 2026 Based Book Sale with 346 sales of her novel No Man’s Land.

Second, it was an excellent performance by Castalia House, which placed four of its books in the top ten. I very much hope that these books will serve as an intriguing introduction to Castalia for those readers who have not encountered us before. And if you’re already a Castalia reader, I hope you’ll post ratings and reviews for those books on Amazon after you finish them.

There are more details and statistics there.

In other book-related news, you can expect announcements about not one, but TWO new Castalia House releases tomorrow.

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Kant vs Kant


From an appendix of a forthcoming Veriphysics book:

Immanuel Kant devoted an entire chapter to amphiboly. It is titled “On the Amphiboly of the Concepts of Reflection” (Amphibolie der Reflexionsbegriffe), and it ends the Transcendental Analytic of the first Critique at A260-292 / B316-349. In this chapter, Kant develops a technical diagnostic for a specific kind of philosophical error: the confusion that arises when a key concept operates in two distinguishable senses, with an unargued inference between them, thereby generating systematic distortion in the resulting metaphysics. He applies this diagnostic to Leibniz…

Leibniz, according to Kant, operated entirely within the domain of pure understanding. He treated the concepts of reflection as if they applied to things in themselves, considered through reason alone, and then transferred his conclusions to objects of experience without noticing that the conditions of application had changed. The result was the metaphysics of monads, pre-established harmony, and the identity of indiscernibles.

Take the example Kant develops most fully. Two drops of water, considered through pure understanding, are identical if their concepts contain the same determinations. Leibniz’s principle of the identity of indiscernibles follows: if two objects are conceptually indiscernible, they are numerically the same object. But when the two drops are given in sensible intuition, in space, the difference of their spatial positions is sufficient for numerical difference regardless of conceptual identity. The principle holds for objects of pure understanding. It does not hold for objects of experience. Leibniz “took the appearances for things in themselves” (A264/B320) and applied a principle valid for the one to the other.

The same pattern repeats across all four concepts of reflection. Realities in pure understanding cannot oppose each other; realities in experience can (two forces pulling in opposite directions produce zero net motion). The inner in pure understanding is what has no relation to anything external; the inner in experience is always a matter of further relations. Matter precedes form in pure understanding; form precedes matter in sensible intuition. In every case, Leibniz’s error is the same: treating a conclusion valid within pure understanding as if it held for experience without performing the transcendental reflection that would have revealed the different conditions of application.

Kant summarizes the error in a single sentence at A271/B327: “Leibniz intellectualized the appearances, just as Locke totally sensitivized the concepts of understanding.” The diagnostic is that a key concept operating in two distinguishable domains has been applied across domains without acknowledgment that the conditions of application differ. The inference between domains is not argued for. It is performed by treating the concept as if it were univocal when it is not.

Kant appears to regard this diagnostic as one of his central contributions. It is not a minor appendix to the Analytic but the correction that clears the ground for the critical philosophy. The rationalist metaphysics of the seventeenth century rested, in Kant’s account, on a systematic amphiboly, and identifying the amphiboly was the first step in replacing the rationalist framework with the critical one. “For just this reason,” Kant writes at A270/B326, “the exposition of the deceptive cause of the amphiboly of these concepts, as the occasion of false principles, is of great utility in reliably determining and securing the boundaries of the understanding.”

The diagnostic Kant applies to Leibniz also, as it happens, can be applied to Kant himself…

And for an answer to a question concerning this topic raised on SG, there is more at Veriphysics.

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We’re Number Two

Today is the last day of the Based Books Sale.

The Summer 2026 Based Book Sale has referred 449 Kindle Free E-books and 4014 Kindle Paid E-Books for a total of 4463 books in all… And We’re Not Done Yet! Today is your last chance to score some great Based Books all for $0.99 or free. The sale ends tonight at midnight (PDT).

Castalia House is participating in the Summer 2026 sale, so today will be your last day to buy each of these books for just 99 cents each:

These are excellent books with very good reviews and very high ratings, and there are a lot of quality books from other authors and publishers worth checking out.

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The Nineteenth of March

The third volume of the Episodios Nacionales — the great historical novel cycle of Spain

The Nineteenth of March and the Second of May follows Gabriel Araceli from the tranquil gardens of the Royal Residence to the blood-soaked streets of Madrid in the spring of 1808, as Napoleon’s armies enter Spain and ordinary Spaniards rise up against them.

Gabriel is seventeen, working as a typesetter in Madrid and living for his weekend journeys to Aranjuez, where the orphan Inés lives with her uncle, the good-hearted Latinist Father Don Celestino. Their courtship unfolds in some of Galdós’s most beautiful prose. But this private idyll is shattered when Inés’s relations arrive to claim her, Don Mauro Requejo and his sister Doña Restituta, a pair of grotesques worthy of Dickens at his most savagely comic.

The Requejos carry Inés off to Madrid and imprison her in their shop, where she sews from five in the morning until eleven at night. Gabriel abandons his trade and infiltrates the household as a servant, only to discover that Don Mauro intends to marry Inés himself. Meanwhile, outside the shop walls, Spain is falling apart. The court at Aranjuez erupts; Godoy is dragged from hiding; Carlos IV abdicates and the French pour into Madrid. Gabriel witnesses the Aranjuez uprising from inside the mob, through streets lit by torches and filled with fury.

The novel’s climax is the Second of May, 1808, the day Goya painted, the day that began Spain’s war against Napoleon. Gabriel fights in the streets of Madrid against the Mameluke cavalry and French artillery, and the novel ends with one of the most extraordinary passages in nineteenth-century fiction, in which one man’s experience of dying is described in a sensational manner that anticipated literary modernism by more than half a century.

Pérez Galdós weaves domestic comedy, political upheaval, street-level violence, and desperate love into a novel that moves from the lyrical to the grotesque to the devastating. Of the ten novels in the First Series, The Nineteenth of March and the Second of May is the one in which the private life of Gabriel and the historic tragedy of Spain collide most unforgettably.

Available for Kindle, KU, and audiobook on Amazon. You can read an excerpt from the new translation at Castalia Library.

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Based Books Day 1

The first day of the Based Book Sale was won by a man dead for more than a century.

Benito María de los Dolores Pérez Galdós (1843–1920) who was regarded as the greatest Spanish novelist since Miguel de Cervantes has taken the gold in the first day of the 2026 Summer Based Book Sale. Trafalgar, the first volume of the Episodios Nacionales — the great historical novel cycle of Spain — sold fifty copies in the first day of the week-long sale.

Closely following in second place with 48 sales and the silver is Sarah Hoyt’s No Man’s Land: Volume 1 (Chronicles of Lost Elly).

The rest of the trilogy is available through the Summer Based Book Sale and also stands in fourth place with 40 sales.

Hardcoded: AI and the End of the Scientific Consensus (The Mathematics of Evolution) by Vox Day and his AI associate, Claude Athos, captured the bronze with 46 sales.

It’s wonderful to see people discovering Pérez Galdós, who is a novelist of the first rank despite being nearly unknown to the English-reading public.

I will confess that I don’t quite understand exactly how the rankings are compiled – I assume through the official affiliate links – since I see 10 more sales for Hardcoded than for Trafalgar, but regardless, it’s great to see people checking out Pérez Galdós because there are a lot more volumes of the Episodios Nacionales to come. As you can see, we’ve already got next week’s translation ready to go to the translation subscribers on Monday.

There are a lot of good books available in the Based Books Sale. There are at least four that I’m planning to read myself. And while we’re on the topic of books, the following print editions are now available via NDM Express:

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THE COURT OF CARLOS IV

The second volume of the Episodios Nacionales — the great historical novel cycle of Spain

The Court of Carlos IV plunges young Gabriel Araceli into the treacherous world of Madrid’s theatrical and aristocratic circles on the eve of Spain’s greatest political crisis. It is 1807, and Gabriel, now sixteen, serves as errand boy and general factotum to Pepita González, a spirited actress at the Teatro del Príncipe. Through her, he enters a dazzling and corrupt world: rival actresses, jealous leading men, aristocratic patrons whose drawing rooms double as nests of political conspiracy, and the great tragedian Isidoro Máiquez, whose volcanic temper and ill-fated passions drive much of the novel’s action.

Two women dominate Gabriel’s orbit. Lesbia, a beautiful young duchess with an angelic face and faithless heart, plays men against one another with practiced ease. Amaranta, a noblewoman of striking beauty and genuine moral substance, takes a mysterious interest in Gabriel and draws him into the dangerous intrigues surrounding the royal family. When the Prince of Asturias conspires against his own parents, Carlos IV and Queen María Luisa, Gabriel finds himself carrying secret letters and navigating a labyrinth of espionage, jealousy, and betrayal that he barely understands.

At the novel’s center is a brilliantly staged private theatrical performance of Othello, in which the passions on stage mirror and ignite the real jealousies of the performers. Máiquez, half-mad with love for the inconstant Lesbia, nearly strangles Amaranta during the performance. The theatrical world and the political world collide as the conspiracy of El Escorial unfolds in the background, with Fernando plotting against his father, Napoleon’s agents pulling strings, and every aristocrat in Madrid choosing sides.

Pérez Galdós expertly weaves political history, theatrical comedy, romantic intrigue, and sharp social observation into a panoramic portrait of a Spain sleepwalking toward catastrophe. The novel is at once a comedy of manners, a political thriller, and a coming-of-age story, narrated with the older Gabriel’s characteristic blend of self-deprecating wit and moral seriousness.

You can read an excerpt at Castalia Library.

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OOTS Now in Print

Count the fingers. That’s right, the cover of OUT OF THE SHADOWS now features the lovely Sophia with an appropriate number of fingers. More importantly, it’s the cover of the print edition of OUT OF THE SHADOWS, now in hardcover for the first time. We’re not planning to do a paperback; the signed first edition with original illustrations is being laid out now.

From the reviews:

  • It was interesting reading this right after finishing the original Dracula for the first time. I could not put this down and finished it in a single weekend. The characters were engaging and there were many points where you are sort of rooting for the vampires to succeed and have to remind yourself, wait they’re not the “good guys.” Added some interesting perspectives to the typical vampire mythology with some chilling modern parallels when you stop to think through the implications.
  • Thrilling and a bit scary. I really enjoyed this book. It was exciting, addictive, and incredibly hard to put down. Every time I finished a chapter, I wanted to keep going just to see what happens next. The story kept me engaged the entire time.
  • The quality of the text is amazing, with a tight plot that combines vivid details with lots of action in the surface, but it hides a story of a modern day Faust that so likely becomes a monster.
  • This was a fast paced tale of corporate research finding out something that draws the attention from those who have long hidden in the shadows. Vampires are real and they make an offer that can’t be refused. A tale that takes place on several levels from the board room to old Italian villas with enough easter eggs to keep any history buff happy. The most interesting part is the slow transformation from idealistic human to amoral monster. The effects of religious belief and practice on blood quality for vampire consumption purposes was both interesting and something I look forward to being developed in future novels. Worth the time for any reader who likes corporate thrillers with a twist.
  • I’m not a vampire afficionado, so I don’t know what the normal stories are like, but I remember the movie “Nosferatu”. Yeah, “Out of the Shadows” isn’t like that at all. No gloomy castles, no dark crypts, no gory, bloodsucking details. It’s more like the tale of a business venture, but involves serious moral as well as financial choices. I’m not a fan of the genre at all, yet I found this story compelling. Well-told, with hints of humour and touching on serious and challenging moral questions. I will probably never read another vampire story again, and I’m unlikely to read one that I enjoyed more than this.

I’m already working on the sequel, A Merciless Night.

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